iqLrd ds ckjs esa ;g ,d ,sfrgkfld miU;kl gS tks 16oha lnh ds var rFkk 17oha lnh ds izkjaHk esa gkWeqZt+] tks vjc dh [kkM+h rFkk vkseku dh [kkM+h ds chp vofLFkr gS] esa ?kVh ?kVukvksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;g miU;kl ,d ,slh egRokdka{kh efgyk ds ckjs esa gS tks iqrZxkfy;ksa ds dCts okys gkWeqZt+ ds lqYrkuksa ds yM+[kM+krs 'kklu ds nkSj esa Hkh vfMx jgrh gSA ;g miU;kl mlh efgyk ds] fir`lÙkkRed] lkearoknh vkSj vkSifuosf'kd ra=k ds tfVy tky esa Q¡l tkus dh fLFkfr dks fpf=kr djrk gSA ;g Ñfr ml dky dh lkekftd] jktuhfrd rFkk vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk Hkh foLr`r fooj.k nsrh gSA bl Ñfr dk Hkkjrh; tqM+ko o lanHkZ Hkh gS D;ksafd ml le; xksok esa iqrZxkyh 'kklu ds gkFk esa gh gkWeqt+ ds 'kklu dh Hkh ckxMksj FkhA fganh vuqoknd foxr <kbZ n'kd ls i=kdkfjrk {ks=k esa dk;Zjr vuqoknd vuar fot; orZeku esa ^nSfud tkxj.k* esa ,lksfl,V ,fMVj gSaA U;wt pSuyksa ls Hkh tqM+s jgs Jh fot; us nlkfèkd iqLrdsa fy[kh vkSj laikfnr dh gSaA
vkoj.k ^cktw* ifjèkku esa chch Qkfrek] gkWeqZt+&}hi ds jktk ds egy ds ckydksuh ij ¼fp=k % fgLikuh fp=kdkj dkyksZl ekjhukl½
fo'o lkfgR; chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs lqYrku fcu eqgEen vy&d+kfleh ewy vjch ls vaxzst+h vuqokn MkW- vgen vyh laiknu ¼vaxzst+h laLdj.k½ MkW- MsfoM MCY;w- foYelu fganh vuqokn vuar fot; jk"Vª h; iq Lrd U;kl] Hkkjr NATIONAL BOOK TRUST, INDIA
vy&d+kfleh ifCyds'kal }kjk 'kkjtkg esa 2018 esa igyh ckj izdkf'kr funs'kd] jk"Vªh; iqLrd U;kl] Hkkjr usg: Hkou] 5 baLVhV~;w'kuy ,fj;k] Qst&II] olar dqat] ubZ fnYyh–110 070 }kjk izdkf'kr osclkbV % www.nbtindia.gov.in vxjryk • csaxyq# • psUubZ dVd • xqokgkVh • gSnjkckn dksfPp • dksydkrk • eqacbZ • iVuk © vy&d+kfleh ifCyds'kal] MkW- lqYrku vy&d+kfleh lsaVj © Hkkjr esa ;g laLdj.k % jk"Vªh; iqLrd U;kl] Hkkjr( 2019 ¼'kd 1940½ Bibi Fatima And The King's Sons (English) Bibi Fatima Aur Badshaah Ke Bete (Hindi Translation) lokZfèkdkj lqjf{krA izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr ds fcuk bl iqLrd ds fdlh Hkh va'k dk fdlh iquizkZfIr iz.kkyh esa fdlh Hkh :i esa vFkok bysDVªkWfud] ;kaf=kd] Nk;kizfr] fjdkWfM±x ;k fdlh Hkh vU; ekè;e ls iqu#Riknu] gLrkarj.k] ;k laxzg.k oftZrA ISBN 978-81-237-8741-1 95-00 bafMdk bUQksehfM;k] ubZ fnYyh }kjk ystj VkbilsV ,oa xksilal isilZ fyfeVsM] uks,Mk }kjk eqfnzr
vuqØe izLrkouk lkr vè;k; ,d % gkWeqZt+ 1 vè;k; nks % lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg 9 vè;k; rhu % fizal fQjkst+ 'kkg 19 vè;k; pkj % chch Qkfrek 29 vè;k; ik¡p % fizal rqjku 'kkg 41 vè;k; Ng % fizal eqgEen 'kkg 53 la nHkZ 69
izLrkouk ;g dgkuh ,d ,slh egRokdka{kh efgyk dh gS tks iqrZxkfy;ksa ds dCts okys gkWeqZt+ ds lqYrkuksa ds yM+[kM+krs 'kklu ds nkSj esa Hkh vfMx jgrh gSA bl miU;kl esa gkWeqZt+ ds lkekftd thou dk foLr`r fooj.k feyrk gS] lkFk gh ml le; dh lSU;] jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk Hkh irk pyrk gSA –ys[kd
vè;k; % ,d gkWeqZt+
gkWeqZt+ vjc [kkM+ h ds eq gkus ij vjc iz k;}hi vkS j Qkjl ds chp dks bZ 45 ehy ya ck bykdk gS A bl bykds ea s dq N Nks Vs }hi Hkh gks ldrs ga S A ys fdu buea s ls lcls eq [;] vkS j cMs + }hi dks gkW eZ q t+ dgk tkrk gS A bls dHkh xs #u ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk FkkA gkWeqZt+ dk v{kka'k 270 mÙkj gS] tks fd Qkjl ds rV ls ukS ehy vkSj vjc rV ls 30 ehy nwj gSA bldh dqy ifjfèk ukS ehy ls FkksM+h T;knk gSA ;g iwjh rjg catj gS vkSj nwj&nwj rd gfj;kyh dk ukeksfu'kku ugha gSA ;gk¡ flQZ ued dh pV~Vkusa vkSj lYQj ¼xaèkd½ dh [kkusa feyrh gSaA ;gk¡ rhu lnkcgkj >jus gSa] ysfdu is;ty dk dksbZ vkSj lzksr ugha gSA ,slh fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ckotwn] ;gk¡ gj fdLe dk lkeku izpqj ek=kk esa fey tkrk gSA [ksy&rek'ks] nqfu;k Hkj ds esos ¼MªkbZ ÝwV~l½] Qy Hkh feyrs gSa] tks ;wjksih; Qyksa ls iw.kZr% vyx gksrs gSaA ;g lc Qkjl ls cM+h ek=kk esa ;gk¡ vkrk gSA gkWeqZt+ 'kgj ,d ,sls }hi ij clk gS] ftlds utnhd nks 'kkunkj canjxkg gSa % iwohZ vkSj if'peh( ,d okf.kfT;d gS] ;kuh dkjksckj ds fy, vkSj nwljk lSU; gSA 'kgj ds ,dne lkeus] ysfdu mlh txg ij leqnz dks
4 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs rkdrk ,d lSU; fdyk gSA blds nks }kj gSa] ,d 'kgj esa [kqyrk gS] vkSj nwljk leqnz esaA ;kuh bl fdys esa vkoktkgh tehu ls Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj leqnz ls HkhA lSU; canjxkg ds vykok] ck:n cukus dk ,d dkj[kkuk Hkh ;gk¡ gS] tgk¡ iqrZxkyh lsuk dks fgan egklkxj ds jkLrs lSU; vkiwfrZ gksrh gSA gkWeqZt+ 'kgj fo'o dk lcls izfrf"Br okf.kfT;d vkSj leqnzh canjxkg gSA iwohZ vkSj if'peh cktkjksa esa ftruk O;kikj gksrk gS] mlls vfèkd dkjksckj ;gk¡ gksrk gSA ;gk¡ ,d canjxkg ,slk Hkh gS tgk¡ ls vjc vkSj Qkjl ls vkus okys ?kksM+ksa dks Hkkjr Hkstk tkrk gSA bl 'kgj us iqrZxkyh vkSj Hkkjr ds eqfLye 'kkldksa dks og lc dqN fn;k ftldh mUgsa t:jr eglwl gqbZA blhfy, iqrZxkyh 'kkldksa ds vfèkxzg.k okys gkWeqZt+ fdys ds egRo dks de djds ugha vk¡dk tk ldrkA vxj ;g fdyk fdlh vkSj ds dCts esa tkrk rks iqrZxkfy;ksa dks gksus okys uqdlku dk vuqeku Hkh ugha yxk;k tk ldrkA 'kgj esa djhc 200 fookfgr iqrZxkyh jgrs gSaA buds vykok] djhc 7]000 LFkkuh; ckf'kans vkSj fuoklh Hkh ;gk¡ gSaA iqrZxkyh lkSnkxj Hkh ;gk¡ vkrs&tkrs jgrs gSa vkSj iqrZxkyh lSfudksa dh rSukrh Hkh ;gk¡ gSA tgk¡ rd eqfLyeksa vkSj Hkkjrh;ksa dh vkcknh dk loky gS] rks mudh vkcknh ;gh dksbZ 40]000 ds vklikl gksxh( ckdh Qkjlh] rqdhZ] eaxksy vkSj nwljs lkSnkxjksa dk Hkh ;gk¡ vkuk&tkuk gksrk gSA ;g lc ;gk¡ dkjksckj ds vykok NqfV~V;ksa ds fy, Hkh vkrs gSaA iqrZxky ds 'kkld gkWeqZt+ dLVEl gkml ds ekfyd gSaA gkWeqZt+ ds jktk }kjk tkjh nks gqDeukes ds eqrkfcd iqrZxky ds 'kkld dks ;g dLVEl gkml feyk FkkA igys dLVEl gkml dks fdjk, ij mBk;k tkrk FkkA ysfdu iqrZxkfy;ksa ds gkFkksa gkWeqZt+ ds jktk dh fujarj gkj] vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls 1514 esa vQksalks Mh vycqddZ }kjk cxkor dks dqpyus ds ckn iqrZxkfy;ksa us bl ij dCtk dj fy;kA iq rZ xkyh 'kkld dh ekrgrh vkS j iq rZ xkyh lS U; nq xZ dh ekS tw nxh ds
gkWeqZt+ 5 dkj.k gkW eZ q t+ ds jktk dks gfFk;kj j[kus dh btktr ugha FkhA urhtk ;g gq vk fd leq nz h jkLrs ls lkeku ykus okys lkS nkxjka s ds fy, ;g eq Dr }hi ugha jg x;k vkS j mUga s dLVe M~ ;w Vh ;kuh lhek 'kq Yd pq dkuk iM+ rk FkkA lhek 'kq Yd olw yus dk la Hkor% eq [; dkj.k Fkk fd leq nz h jkLrs dks lkeku dh vkoktkgh ds fy, [kks yuk t:jh Fkk vkS j Hkw fe vkS j leq nz ea s leq nz h yq Vs jka s dks jks dus ds fy, ,d etcw r lS U; Vq dM+ h dh Hkh t:jr FkhA iqrZxkyh 'kkldksa us tc gkWeqZt+ ij dCtk dj fy;k rks lhek 'kqYd ls gksus okyh vkenuh ij Hkh mudk vfèkdkj gks x;k] D;ksafd os u flQZ leqnzh lqj{kk ij utj j[krs Fks] cfYd dkjksckj ds fy, Hkh bls [kksys j[kus esa enn djrs FksA ;s lkjh ftEesnkfj;k¡ gkWeqZt+ ds LFkkuh; jktk ds lSfudksa ls ys yh xb± rks mUgksaus iqrZxkfy;ksa ds f[kykQ cxkor dj nh] ftls QkSth rkdr dk bLrseky dj nck fn;k x;k vkSj mUgsa fQj ls iqrZxky ds vèkhu gksuk iM+kA gkW eZ q t+ iw js iw ohZ bykds dk lcls cM+ k ca njxkg Fkk tgk¡ bVyh] os ful] ;w uku] vkeZ s fu;k vkS j ;gw nh lkS nkxjka s dk ges 'kk vkuk&tkuk yxk jgrk FkkA lIrkg ds gj fnu fdlh&u&fdlh LFkkuh; leq nk; dh Nq V~ Vh gks rh Fkh % bZ lkb;ka s ds fy, jfookj] ikxu fga nq vka s ds fy, ea xyokj] eq lyekuka s ds fy, 'kq Øokj vkS j ;gw fn;ka s ds lckg ds fy, 'kfuokj dks Nq V~ Vh gks rh FkhA gkWeqZt+ dh vkcknh esa gj ns'k ds yksx 'kkfey FksA vxj vki fdlh fe=k ls feyus tkrs rks vkidks irk pyrk fd ogk¡ rks bZlkbZ] ;gwnh] ikxu fganw Hkh jgrs gSaA lHkh leqnk; viuh ekU;rkvksa ds eqrkfcd ,d&nwljs ds èkeZ esa n[kyankth ds fcuk jgrs gSaA èkkfeZd fHkUurkvksa ds ckotwn os lc vkil esa vPNs iM+ksfl;ksa dh rjg jgrs Fks vkSj fcuk jksd&Vksd ,d&nwljs ds ;gk¡ mudk vkuk&tkuk FkkA bl }hi ij eqlyekuksa dh efLtnsa Fkha] buesa ls ,d rks cM+s&cM+s ehukjksa okyh cM+h efLtn Fkh] bZlkb;ksa ds ppZ Fks] ;gwfn;ksa ds flusxkWx ¼mikluk x`g½ vkSj ikxu fganqvksa ds ixksMs FksA gkWeqZt+ ds if'pe esa Qkjl dh Hkwfe FkhA iwoZ esa vjc FkkA bUgha nksuksa
6 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs txgksa ls gkWeqZt+ dh t:jr dk lkjk lktks&lkeku izpqj ek=kk esa vkrk FkkA buesa ikuh] ydM+h] dkWuZ vkSj dbZ rjg ds Qy vkfn FksA gkWeqZt+ ds rV ij pkjksa rjQ gj le; 400 ls vfèkd ukosa utj vkrh Fkha] tks ifjogu dk lqjf{kr tfj;k FkhaA buds vkdkj] cuus dh txg vkSj izdkj ds vkèkkj ij bu ukoksa ds vyx&vyx uke gksrs FksA gkWeqZt+ lSU; nqxZ esa 70 cM+h rksisa Fkha] tks lHkh ihry dh cuh FkhaA nqxZ ds pkjksa rjQ ,d [kkbZ Fkh vkSj bls ikj djuk eqf'dy dke FkkA nqxZ dh lqj{kk esa gj le; 500 ls T;knk lSfud rSukr jgrs FksA canjxkg ij Hkkjr ds dksus&dksus ls cM+s&cM+s tgkt reke fdLe dk lkeku ysdj ges'kk vkrs jgrs FksA bl lkeku esa diM+k] nokb;k¡ vkfn gksrh FkhaA bl lkeku dks ;gk¡ ls Qkjl] vjc] rqdhZ vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd ;wjksi Hkh Hkstk tkrk FkkA ;gk¡ xks'r] eNyh] czsM] tSe tSls fMCckcan [kkus] lw[ks esos ¼MªkbZ ÝwV~l½ vkfn izpqj ek=kk esa miyCèk gksrs FksA bu lkekuksa dks cM+h ek=kk esa Hkkjr Hkstk tkrk FkkA gkWeqZt+ ls gksus okyk dkjksckj Hkkjr ds fy, lcls cM+k vkSj vge gksrk FkkA Qkjl vkSj vjc ls vkus okys ?kksM+ksa dks cM+h la[;k esa gj lky Hkkjr Hkstk tkrk FkkA Hkkjr esa bu fo'ks"k uLy ds ?kksM+ksa dh eqfLye] fganw vkSj bZlkbZ [kkl ns[kHkky djrs FksA vjch ?kksM+ksa dks viuh QqrhZ vkSj 'kq) uLy ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA Qkjl ls cM+h ek=kk esa flYd vkSj dbZ rjg ds dkyhu ¼dkisZV½] vkS"kèkh; tM+h&cwfV;k¡ vkSj eqnzk vkrh FkhaA cnys esa Qkjl dks dbZ rjg ds diM+s] ikslZyhu] fVu] phuh] jax vkSj nok,¡ feyrh FkhaA cljk ls pk¡nh vkSj fefJr èkkrq ds flDdksa ds :i esa iSlk] Å¡V ds ckyksa ls cus diM+s] cqukbZ dk ckdh lkeku] tkQjku ;k dslj] dkxt vkSj oL=k vkfn vkrs FksA cljk ls gh bVyh ds osfuloklh 'kh'ks ls cuk lkeku] NksVs xgus vkSj
gkWeqZt+ 7 dbZ ,sls lkeku ykrs Fks ftuesa ls dqN ogk¡ ds 'kkld Hkh ysrs FksA gkWeqZt+ dbZ fdLe dk lkeku cljk] lhfj;k] eslksiksVsfe;k] rqdhZ vkSj vkesZfu;k dks fu;kZr djrk FkkA bu lkeku esa yglqu] jktk ds gkFk esa jgus okyk 'kkgh naM] nkyphuh] byk;ph] diM+s] ikslZyhu vkSj jax vkfn gksrs FksA ;g lkjk lkeku cM+h ek=kk esa Hkstk tkrk FkkA Hkkjr ls dks bZ Hkh lkeku nq fu;k ds fdlh Hkh fgLls ea s Hks tk tkrk rks igys og gkW eZ q t+ vkrk vkS j fQj nq fu;k ds gj fgLls ea s ig¡ q p tkrk FkkA bl rjg gkW eZ q t+ Hkkjr ds lkeku dks nq fu;k Hkj ea s Hks tus dk vge LFkku cu x;k FkkA ;gk¡ rd fd dbZ ckj iz frca fèkr gks pq dh dkyh fepZ 1 Hkh Hkkjh ek=kk esa gkWeqZt+ ykbZ tkrh vkSj fQj bls vjc ds cktkjksa esa cspk tkrk FkkA ,sls gh vkSj Hkh nwljs mRikn Fks tks fd nqfu;k ds vyx&vyx fgLlksa esa fu;kZr fd, tkrs FksA bl rF; ds ckotwn fd gkWeqZt+ }hi dk T;knkrj fgLlk catj vkSj chgM+ Fkk] fQj Hkh ;gk¡ gj fdLe dk lkeku vkSj mRikn izpqj ek=kk esa miyCèk jgrk FkkA ;g bruh Hkkjh ek=kk esa gksrk Fkk fd gkWeqZt+ dks fo'o dk dsanz dgk tkus yxk FkkA gkWeqZt+ ds iM+kslh vkSj Qkjlh vdlj dgk djrs Fks % ^^vxj nqfu;k ,d v¡xwBh gS] rks gkWeqZt+ blesa tM+k uxhuk**A fo'kky vkSj fofHkUu izdkj dh dkjksckjh xfrfofèk;ksa ds vykok gkWeqZt+ lHkh fdLe dh nokvksa] izkÑfrd izlkèku lkexzh dk Hkh cM+k HkaMkj FkkA nqfu;k Hkj esa bLrseky gksus okyh mRÑ"V tM+h&cwfV;k¡ Qkjl ls vkrh Fkha] reke rjg ds b=k vkSj ij¶;we ds lkFk gh dbZ fdLe ds fo"k uk'kd Hkh ;gk¡ miyCèk Fks] tks ekyxk ls vkus okys fo"k uk'kdksa ls rhu xquk eg¡xs gksrs FksA gkWeqZt+ lYrur ds vfèkdkj {ks=k ds rhuksa bykdksa esa pkj izdkj dh eqnzk pyu esa Fkh % 1- ykjh % ;g ykj lYrur dk pk¡nh dk flDdk gksrk Fkk( ;g cqus gq, rkj 1dkyh fepZ dk bLrseky ;wjksi esa ekal dks ifjjf{kr ;kuh fiztoZ djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk FkkA dkyh fepZ ds dkjksckj esa iqrZxky dk ,dkfèkdkj FkkA
8 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs tSlk fn[krk Fkk vkSj bl ij ykj lYrur dh eqgj gksrh Fkh( 2- jhl % ;g NksVk&lk ihry dk iqrZxkyh flDdk gksrk Fkk( 3- ØqtkMks % ;g lksus dk iqrZxkyh flDdk gksrk Fkk( gj ØqtkMks dh dher 400 jhl ds cjkcj gksrh FkhA 4- ikjnks % ;g bZLV bafM;k dk lksus dk flDdk gksrk FkkA gkWeqZt+ vkus okys yksx ;gk¡ ckf'kanksa vkSj iwjh clkoV ls dkQh izHkkfor gksrs FksA ;gk¡ ued igkM+ksa ls vkrk Fkk] rks ydM+h leqnz ls] vkSj ikuh ij rSjus okyh b±Vas gksrh FkhaA gkWeqZt+ ds igkM+ksa esa ued izpqj ek=kk esa ik;k tkrk Fkk] vkSj blds leqnz ds mFkys fgLls esa mxus okys eSaxzkso ;k [kjirokj ls ydM+h feyrh FkhA bekjrsa cukus ds fy, b±Vsa fd'e }hi ls e¡xkbZ tkrh Fkha] tgk¡ leqnzh ew¡xs leqnz dh rygVh ls Åij yk, tkrs Fks vkSj lw[kus ij xqnxqns ;kuh Liath gks tkrs Fks] blhfy, ikuh ij rSjrs FksA
vè;k; % nks lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg
lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg ;g 1588 ds 'kq#vkrh fnuksa dh ckr gSA gkWeqZt+ 'kgj viuh Å¡ph bekjrksa] l¡djh xfy;ksa vkSj muesa ?kwers&fQjrs vyx&vyx ns'kksa ds ckf'kanksa dh pgy&igy ls xqytkj jgrk FkkA bu ckf'kanksa ds ns'k dk vankt mudh os'kHkw"kk ns[kdj yxk;k tk ldrk FkkA bl le; lnhZ dk ekS le Fkk] tcfd ebZ ls ys dj flra cj rd ;gk¡ vlguh; xehZ iM+ rh FkhA ,s ls ekS le ea s nw ljs ds eq dkcys eq fLye efgykvka s dks T;knk rdyhQ gks rh Fkh] D;ka s fd mUga s ,d udkc ls viuk ps gjk vkS j ,d cq dZ s ls vius flj vkS j 'kjhj ds Åijh fgLls dks fNik, j[kuk gks rk FkkA vc ge jktk ds egy dh rjQ pyrs gSaA utnhd gh] gesa Ldwy vkSj èkkfeZd f'k{kk nsus okys f'k{kd vkSj Nk=k Hkh utj vk x,A egy ds ,dne lkeus othj dk ?kj FkkA egy ds lkeus xkM~lZ rSukr FksA os jkbQyksa ls ySl Fks] tks fd gkWeqZt+ esa cgqr T;knk ugha gksrh Fkha] D;ksafd jkbQy flQZ iqrZxkyh gh j[k ldrs Fks] fdlh vkSj dks bldh btktr ugha FkhA ge ckjhd uDdk'kh okys xsV ls egy esa nkf[ky gksrs gq, njckj esa vkrs gSa] tgk¡ lqYrku dh etfyl lth gqbZ gSA ;gk¡ lqYrku ,d cM+s&ls flagklu ij fojkteku gSaA muds
12 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs nk;sa vkSj ck;sa] nksuksa rjQ LFkkuh; inkfèkdkfj;ksa ds vkSj iqrZxky vkSj gkWeqZt+ ds iz'kklfud vfèkdkfj;ksa ds cSBus dh txg gSA ml le; lqYrku Fks Qs#x 'kkg fcu eqgEen 'kkg ¼ftUgsa vcq ukflj 'kkg Hkh dgrs Fks½ fcu rqjku 'kkg fcu lkyxksj 'kkgA LFkkuh; yksx lkyxksj 'kkg dks nq"V ekurs Fks] D;ksafd mUgksaus iqrZxkfy;ksa ds vkxs leiZ.k dj fn;k Fkk vkSj iqrZxkyh fdys ds utnhd cus vius dqN foykflrkiw.kZ egyksa ds lkFk gh vius vuq;kf;;ksa vkSj utnhdh leFkZdksa ds ?kjksa dks <gk fn;k Fkk] rkfd iqrZxkyh lSU; nqxZ dks utnhd dh bu bekjrksa ls dksbZ fnDdr u gksA lkyxksj 'kkg ds ckn muds csVs rqjku 'kkg dqN oDr ds fy, xn~nh ij cSBsA 1536 esa mudh e`R;q ds ckn mÙkjkfèkdkj dk fookn [kM+k gks x;kA rqjku 'kkg ds nks csVs Fks % cM+k csVk eqgEen 'kkg ¼vcq ukflj 'kkg½ vkSj nwljk 'ks[k tkfonA eqgEen 'kkg us ,d lky rd gkWeqZt+ ij 'kklu fd;k vkSj fQj mudh e`R;q gks xbZA ysfdu eqgEen 'kkg ds csVs Qs#x 'kkg us lYrur ij dCtk dj fy;k vkSj vius pkpk 'ks[k tkfon dks fuokZflr dj fn;kA 'ks[k tkfon us bl eqn~ns dks iqrZxkyh vfèkdkfj;ksa ds lkeus j[kk fd lYrur ij mudk gd gSA lkFk gh mUgksaus muds firk }kjk NksM+h xbZ fojklr dh Hkh ek¡x dhA blls xqLlk, Qs#x 'kkg us mUgsa tku ls ekjus dh èkedh nsrs gq, dksbZ fojklr nsus ls budkj dj fn;kA mUgksaus nkok fd;k fd tks iSlk vkSj nkSyr 'ks[k tkfon ek¡x jgs gSa] os muds firk dh ugha cfYd ljdkjh laifÙk gSA urhtru] 'ks[k tkfon dh ckdh ft+anxh fuèkZurk vkSj csdlh ds chp xksok esa xqtjhA xksok esa ml le; iqrZxkyh okbl jhtsaV ;kuh iqrZxkyh jkT;kfèkdkjh jgrs FksA lu~ 1587 ds vkf[kj ¼uoacj½ esa 'ks[k tkfon dh e`R;q gks xbZA blds ckn 'ks[k tkfon ds csVs us xksok dh vihy dksVZ esa vius firk ds vfèkdkjksa ds fy, nkok dj fn;kA blh ij lykg&e'kfojs ds fy, Qs#x 'kkg us etfyl cqykbZ Fkh fd dksVZ D;k QSlyk lquk ldrk gSA
lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg 13 muds nk;a s rjQ othj jbZ l uw #n~ nhu cS Bs Fks ] muds cjkcj muds HkkbZ vkS j lg;ks xh 'kjQq n~ nhu Fks A tc othj ugha gks rs Fks rks 'kjQq n~ nhu mudh txg ys rs Fks A uw#n~nhu us viuh cgu yrhQk dh 'kknh Qs#x 'kkg ls bl 'krZ ds lkFk dh Fkh fd vxj mls Qs#x 'kkg ls csVk gqvk rks og mls gkWeqZt+ ds lqYrku ds rkSj ij viuk mÙkjkfèkdkjh cuk,¡xsA egkjkuh yrhQk ds Qs#x 'kkg ls nks csVs gq, % cM+s dk uke fizal eqgEen 'kkg fcu vcq ukflj 'kkg vkSj nwljs dk uke fizal rqjku 'kkg FkkA ysfdu Qs#x 'kkg dk mldh j[kSy ls ,d vkSj csVk Fkk] ftldk uke fQjkst++ FkkA fQjkst+ dh gSfl;r dks ysdj ges'kk fookn jgk] D;ksafd dHkh rks Qs#x 'kkg mls viuk csVk ekurk Fkk] ysfdu dbZ ckj og mls ekuus ls budkj dj nsrk FkkA jbZ l uw #n~ nhu dh 'kknh cgjhu ds tt jbZ l eq jkn Ms ykfef'k;k ¼Ms ykekbV ds yksxksa dk½ dh foèkok 'kkg ft+uku ls gqbZ FkhA jbZl eqjkn jktk ykj ds oa'kt FksA 'kkg ft+uku dh igyh 'kknh ls ,d csVh gyhek Fkh] tks vHkh 15 lky dh Fkh] vkSj ,d csVk eqjkn fcu eqjkn Fkk] tks jbZl eqjkn dh e`R;q ds ckn gqvk FkkA bldh mez 14 lky Fkh vkSj 'kkg ft+uku vius csVs dks I;kj ls Msykfef'k;k cqykrh FkhA jbZl uw#n~nhu ls 'kkg ft+uku dks ,d I;kjh&lh csVh Fkh] tks vHkh pkj lky dh FkhA mldk uke Qkfrek Fkk] ysfdu ekrk&firk mls I;kj ls gchck uw#n~nhu cqykrs Fks( nwljs yksx mls gchck Qkfrek dgdj cqykrs Fks] tcfd fons'kh mls chch Qkfrek dgrs FksA ckn es a og blh uke ls tkuh xbZA lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg ds ck;sa rjQ dekaMj vkSj gkWeqZt+ ds vlyh 'kkld ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ cSBs FksA og vdlj ;qokvksa ls laokn djrs Fks vkSj mUgsa viuk èkeZ NksM+dj bZlkbZ èkeZ viukus ds fy, izsfjr djus dh dksf'k'k djrs FksA og dbZ ckj ;qokvksa dks vius ?kj cqykdj Hkkstu vkfn djkrs FksA mudk jkstejkZ dk dke }hi dk 'kklu ns[kuk ugha] cfYd
14 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs eqlyekuksa dks bZlkbZ cukus dk FkkA viuh bl dksf'k'k esa os dke;kc Hkh gq, vkSj mUgksaus 1587 esa 'ks[k tkfon dh e`R;q ds ckn mlds csVs dk èkek±rj.k djkdj bZlkbZ cuk;k vkSj mldk uke MkWe tsjksfueks tksMh j[k fn;kA ;s lc xksok esa gqvk FkkA bèkj] gkWeqZt+ esa ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ 15 cjl dh gyhek vkSj mlds NksVs HkkbZ eqjkn Msykfef'k;k dks bZlkbZ cukus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs FksA ;gk¡ rd fd mUgksaus eqjkn ls oknk fd;k Fkk fd vxj og bZlkbZ cu tk, rks os mls gkWeqZt+ dk othj cuk nsaxs vkSj bl rjg og foÙkh; fjdkWMZ] ftls ^fQankx* dgk tkrk Fkk] ds bapktZ cu tk,¡xsA gyhek vkSj eqjkn us ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ dh ckrks a es a fnypLih ysuk 'kq: dj nh vkSj bl rjg mUgs a bZlkbZ èkeZ ds ckjs es a lcd i<+k, tkus yxsA dqN gh fnu igys ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ us gkWeq Zt+ ds othj jbZl uw#n~nhu ls gyhek dk gkFk 'ks[k tkfon ds bZlkbZ cu pqds csVs ds lkFk 'kknh ds fy, ek¡xk FkkA ml le; rks fdlh dks ugha irk Fkk fd 'ks[k tkfon dk csVk bZlkbZ cu pqdk gSA fQj Hkh] jbZl uw#n~nhu us fouezrk ls bl fj'rs dks Bqdjk fn;k fd ,slk gqvk rks gkWeq Zt+ ds lqYrku ukjkt gks tk,¡xsA blh nkSjku lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg dh etfyl esa fu;kermYykg uke dk ,d ;qod vk;kA mlds diM+s vLr&O;Lr Fks] nk<+h c<+h gqbZ Fkh vkSj og lgek gqvk yx jgk FkkA og lqYrku dk Hkrhtk vkSj ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ dk dV~Vj nq'eu FkkA og ,d bLykeh Ldwy pykrk Fkk vkSj mlus ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ dh fe'kujh xfrfofèk;ksa ds f[kykQ ,d jk"Vªh; ekspkZ [kksy j[kk FkkA mlus vkxs c<+ dj lq Yrku dk gkFk pw ek vkS j jbZ l uw #n~ nhu ds cjkcj okyh txg ij cS B x;kA og xgjh&xgjh lk¡ la s ys jgk Fkk] ekuks mldk fny mNydj ckgj vkus dks gks A og dq N dguk pkgrk Fkk vkS j mldk mrkoykiu lkQ utj vk jgk FkkA lq Yrku dh etfyl ea s vkrs oDr
lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg 15 mldk vkeuk&lkeuk gyhek ls gks x;k Fkk tks viuh Nks Vh cgu Qkfrek ds ihNs nkS M+ jgh FkhA gyhek us vpkud viuk udkc mBkdj mls viuk [kw clw jr ps gjk fn[kk fn;k FkkA gyhek yxHkx mlls Vdjk xbZ Fkh] rHkh gyhek nks dne ihNs gVh] vkS j fu;kermYykg ds jkLrs ls gVus dk ba rtkj djus yxh] rkfd og viuh cgu dks idM+ lds A ys fdu fu;kermYykg rks ekuks tM+ gks x;k FkkA vkf[kjdkj gyhek us tks j ls njoktk FkiFkik;kA fu;kermYykg èkhjs&èkhjs uw#n~nhu ls dqN dgus yxkA rHkh lqYrku Qs#x us iwNk fd D;k [kqliql py jgh gSA uw#n~nhu us tokc fn;k] ßtukc] vkidk Hkrhtk fizal fu;kermYykg esjh csVh gyhek dk gkFk 'kknh ds fy, ek¡x jgk gSAÞ lqYrku us dgk] ßvxj [kqnk dh ,slh ethZ gS rks ,slk gksus nksAÞ bruk lqurs gh ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ xqLls esa mBdj [kM+k gks x;k vkSj dgus yxk] ß,slk ugha gks ldrk] ,slk ugha gks ldrk!Þ blds ckn og njckj ls iSj iVdrs gq, ckgj pyk x;kA lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg] othj vkSj etfyl esa ekStwn nwljs yksx mlds bl joS;s ls csgn [kQk gq,A urhtru] lqYrku us r; fd;k fd ;g 'kknh tYn&ls&tYn gksuh pkfg,A QkSju cM+h efLtn ds beke dks cqyk;k x;k vkSj 'kknh dh jLesa iwjh dh xb±A gyhek ds eq[rkj gksus ds ukrs jbZl uw#n~nhu us gyhek dh 'kknh fu;kermYykg ls dj nhA gyhek ds fy, ;g tcjnLrh dh 'kknh Fkh] ftls lqYrku] mlds lkSrsys firk othj jbZl uw#n~nhu vkSj mlds fj'rsnkjksa us ml ij Fkksi fn;k FkkA mlus bu yksxksa dh ethZ ds vkxs gfFk;kj rks Mky fn,] ysfdu mlus fu;kermYykg dk mlds lkFk jguk nwHkj dj fn;kA mldh 'kknh dHkh eqdEey ugha gqbZ ;kuh nksuksa ds chp 'kkjhfjd lacaèk dHkh ugha cu ldsA ,d fnu gyhek us fu;kermYykg ls dgk fd og viuh ek¡ ls feyus tkuk pkgrh gSA viuh ek¡ ls feydj gyhek us crk;k fd og u rks fu;kermYykg ds lkFk jguk pkgrh gS vkSj u gh dHkh mldk eq¡g ns[kuk pkgrh gSA bl rjg og viuh ek¡ ds gh ?kj esa jgrh jgh] u 'kknh'kqnk] vkSj u gh rykd'kqnkA blds ckn mldk fdlh iqrZxkyh ds csVs ls laidZ
16 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs gqvkA og gkWeqZt+ esa gh iSnk gqvk Fkk vkSj mlus gyhek dks iqrZxkyh i<+uk&fy[kuk fl[kk;k FkkA gyhek us mls crk;k fd og fu;kermYykg ds lkFk ugha jguk pkgrhA gyhek us mlls dgk fd og mldh gkyr ds ckjs esa bZlkbZ mins'kdksa dks crk, vkSj dgs fd og bZlkbZ cuuk pkgrh gS] rkfd og fu;kermYykg dh 'kknh ds caèku ls eqDr gks ldsA og gyhek dh enn ds fy, rS;kj gks x;k vkSj mlus gkWeqZt+ esa bZlkbZ eB esa bldh [kcj igq¡pkbZA ;g [kcj ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ rd Hkh igq¡ph vkSj mls vius dkuksa ij fo'okl gh ugha gqvkA og rqjar lqYrku ls feyus ds fy, egy dh rjQ nkSM+ iM+kA mlus lqYrku dks gyhek dh gkyr ds ckjs esa crk;k vkSj dgk fd iqrZxky ds 'kkld dks Hkh bldh [kcj gS] ftUgksaus r; fd;k gS fd muds 'kklu esa fdlh ds lkFk ukbUlkQh ugha gksxhA ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ us èkedh nsrs gq, dgk] ßvxj rqe bUlkQ ds lkFk gkWeqZt+ ij 'kklu ugha dj ldrs rks dksbZ vkSj rqEgkjh txg gksxk( 'ks[k tkfon ds csVs dk ekeyk Hkh vHkh fuiVk ugha gSAÞ bruk lqurs gh lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg us gyhek dh fu;kermYykg ls rykd dks eatwjh ns nhA blds ckr bZlkbZ mins'kdksa us r; fd;k fd gyhek vkSj mldk HkkbZ Msykfef'k;k gkWeqZt+ NksM+dj xksok pys tk,¡A ysfdu gkykr dh tfVyrk ds en~ nsutj mUgas rc rd ba rtkj djuk iM+k tc rd ekfr;kt fM vycq ddZ gkWeqZt+ ds dekaMj dk in NksM+dj xksok okil ugha x;kA ,slk bartke fd;k x;k fd gyhek jkr ds oDr jbZl uw#n~nhu dk ?kj NksM+dj fdlh èkuh iqrZxkyh ds ?kj pyh tk,xhA ogk¡ ls mls ml lSU; tgkt ij igq¡pk fn;k tk,xk tks ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ dks ys tkus ds fy, rS;kj FkkA oSls rks ;g ,d eqf'dy dke Fkk] ysfdu iwjh ;kstuk dke;kc jgh vkSj gyhek vkSj mldk HkkbZ ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ ds lkFk ,e ,l ukslk lsugksjk fM dkWUlhlkvks uke ds tgkt ls jokuk gks x,A
lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg 17 xksok esa Msykfef'k;k] ekfr;kt fM vycqddZ ds gkFkksa bZlkbZ cu x;kA mls gkWeqZt+ ij geyk dj dCtkus okys vQksalks fM vycqddZ dk uke vQksalks fn;k x;kA ogha gyhek dks u;k uke iqrZxky ds jktk Qsfyi ds uke ij fQyhi fn;k x;kA gyhek dh 'kknh ,aVksfu;ks fM vtsosMks ds lkFk gks xbZ] ftls iqrZxky ds jktk us gkWeqZt+ lSU;nqxZ fn;k FkkA vius ifr vkSj HkkbZ ds lkFk gkWeqZt+ okil vkrs gq, gyhek dh tgkt ij gh e`R;q gks xbZ vkSj mls ty lekfèk ns nh xbZA vQksalks Msykfef'k;k gkWeqZt+ okil vk x;k vkSj gkWeqZt+ ds foÙkh; fjdkWMZ] dLVe dk bapktZ vkSj othj cuus dk bartkj djus yxkA vHkh mldh mez bu ftEesnkfj;ksa ds yk;d ugha gqbZ FkhA
vè;k; % rhu fizal fQjkst+ 'kkg
fizal fQjkst+ 'kkg gyhek&eqjkn&fu;kermYykg ekeys ds dksbZ rhu lky ckn 1591 esa] othj uw#n~nhu dh cgu vkSj jktk Qs#x 'kkg dh iRuh yrhQk dh e`R;q gks xbZA dqN le; ckn gh uw#n~nhu dh Hkh ekSr gks xbZA bl rjg gkWeqZt+ ds othj dh txg [kkyh gks xbZA vQksalks Msykfef'k;k fcu eqjkn] tks fd vc ,d bZlkbZ cu pqdk Fkk] mls ;g in nsus dk oknk fd;k x;k FkkA ysfdu gkWeqZt+ ds lqYrku us blds fy, ,d 'krZ j[k nhA lqYrku us vQksalks dh ek¡ ft+uku 'kkg ¼mls lS;nrqfUulk Hkh dgk tkrk Fkk½ ls 'kknh dk izLrko j[kk] ftls vQksalks ds QSlys ls igys gh ft+uku 'kkg us eatwj dj fy;kA 'kknh ds ckn ft+ uku 'kkg vius u, othj cus cs Vs vQks a lks Ms ykfef'k;k vkS j lkr cjl dh cs Vh Qkfrek ds lkFk lq Yrku Qs #x 'kkg ds lkFk egy es a jgus yxha A egy es a lq Yrku Qs #x 'kkg ds nks cs Vs ] 14 lky dk eq gEen 'kkg vkS j 13 lky dk rq jku 'kkg Hkh jgrs Fks A egy es a bu nks uks a ds futh dejs Fks A lS ;nrq fUulk us viuk vyx njckj ltk fy;k vkS j og ,d [kkl fdLe dh jktxn~ nh ij cS Bdj viuh vyx etfyl yxkus yxhA mlds lkFk cs Vh Qkfrek Hkh cS Brh FkhA og eg¡ xs diMs + vkS j rkt igurh FkhA mlls feyus
22 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs ds fy, gkW eZ q t+ ds la Hkz ka r ifjokjka s dh efgyk,¡ vkS j }hi ds nw ljs yks x vkrs Fks A bl lcdk [kpZ og ml iS ls ls iw jk djrh Fkh tks mldk othj cs Vk lhek'kq Yd ds rkS j ij dLVe gkml ls gkfly djrk FkkA gkyk¡ fd og nkok djrh Fkh fd mls bruh lkjh nkS yr mlds nks uka s fnoa xr ifr;ka s ] uw #n~ nhu vkS j eq jkn ls feyh gS A og Lo;a ls feyus vkus okys lHkh yks xka s dks rks gQs ns rh Fkh] bldh otg ls mldh etfyl ea s ges 'kk dkQh yks x gks rs Fks A tc og vius fla gklu ij cS Brh rks og HkM+ dhyh iks 'kkda s iguk djrhA mlds Hkkjh 'kjhj vkS j diM+ ka s ls iw jk fla gklu Hkjk&lk yxrkA bruk gh ugha ] mlds es geku ftruh ns j Hkh ogk¡ jgrs ] mlls utja s ugha gVk ikrs ] D;ka s fd og cgq r [kw clw jr utj vkrh FkhA gkyk¡ fd mldh mez 33 o"kZ Fkh] ys fdu og viuh mez ls dkQh de yxrh FkhA og fdlh Hkh ;q ok yM+ dh dh rjg fn[krh FkhA uw #n~ nhu dh e` R;q ds ckn dbZ iq #"kka s us mls 'kknh dk iz Lrko Hkh fn;k FkkA bl chp Qkfrek dk ikyu&iks"k.k egy esa gks jgk FkkA mls lc chch Qkfrek dgrs FksA og vius ppktkn HkkbZ eqgEen 'kkg ds lkFk cM+h gks jgh FkhA os lkFk esa [ksyrs FksA og vdlj viuh ek¡ dk rkt igu ysrh vkSj eqgEen vius firk dk] vkSj nksuksa jktk&jkuh cuus dk [ksy [ksyrs FksA os nksuksa ,d&nwljs ls I;kj djrs Fks] vkSj lcdks yxrk Fkk fd bu nksuksa dh 'kknh gksuk rks r; gSA 1598 vkrs&vkrs ;g r; gks x;k fd lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg c<+rh mez ds dkj.k vc jkt&dkt ugha pyk ikrsA dbZ ckj rks og viuh etfyl esa Hkh ugha vk ikrsA othj Msykfef'k;k mudk iwjk è;ku j[krk] D;ksafd og viuh ek¡ ds lkFk gh egy esa jgrk FkkA vius cq<+kis dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg us r; fd;k fd og gkWeqZt+ dh jktxn~nh vius vkSj fnoaxr othj uw#n~nhu dh cgu yrhQk ds csVs eqgEen 'kkg dks lkSai nsxkA lÙkk gLrka rj.k djus ds fy, lq Yrku Qs #x us 14 viz S y] 1598 dks Hkkjr ds okbljkW ; Mh Ýka flLdks Mk xkek dks i=k fy[kkA mUgks a us fy[kk % ^eSa vkidk 'kqØxqtkj gw¡ fd vkidks esjs csVs fizal eqgEen 'kkg dk
fizal fQjkst+ 'kkg 23 è;ku gSA og ,d ,slk 'k[l gS tks ,d rkcsnkj ds ukrs vPNk dke djsxkA eq>s ml ij iwjk Hkjkslk gSA eSa vkils fuosnu djrk gw¡ fd vki esjs yksxksa dh bPNkuqlkj mls esjh txg fu;qDr djus dh eatwjh nsaA 'kgj ds iqrZxkyh ukxfjd mls cgqr ilan djrs gSaA bl vksgns ds fy, og ,dne mi;qDr gSA ^tgk¡ rd esjk loky gS] eSa vc dkQh cw<+k gks pqdk gw¡] vkSj viuk ckdh thou 'kkafr ls vYykg dks ;kn djrs gq, xqtkjuk pkgrk gw¡A fygktk] esjh nj[okLr gS fd esjs fuosnu dks eatwjh nh tk,A ^vYykg vkidh fgQktr djs vkSj vkidks yach mez ns!* fnukad % 14 vizSy] 1598] gkWeqZt+ blds ckn 16 vizSy] 1598 dks fQjkst+ 'kkg us Hkh Hkkjr ds okbljkW; dks ,d i=k fy[kkA blesa mlus fy[kk % ^eS a vkidks ;gk¡ ds gkykr ds ckjs es a crkuk pkgrk gw ¡ A vkids nw r us [kq n viuh vk¡ [kks a ls ns [kk gS fd ;gk¡ ds gkykr dS ls gS a A gks ldrk gS fd mudh utj es a og lc Hkh vk;k gks ftls eS a 'kk;n u fy[k ldk gw ¡ A ^eq>s vkidh U;k;fiz;rk ij Hkjkslk gS vkSj eq>s mEehn gS fd vki eq>s ,d firk dh rjg esjk è;ku j[ksaxsA ^eSa vYykg ls vkids yacs thou dh dkeuk vkSj vkids 'kklu ds Qyus&Qwyus dh dkeuk djrk gw¡A esjh nqvk gS fd vki vkSj fot; gkfly djsaA vYykg vkidh enn djs!* vkidk] gkWeqZt+ dk fizal fQjkst+ 'kkg gkWeqZt+] 16 vizSy] 1598 fQjkst+ 'kkg }kjk ^fizal vkWQ gkWeqZt+* ds inuke ls okbljkW; dks i=k fy[kuk mlds firk dh bPNk ds fo#) FkkA blh nkS jku rq jku 'kkg us Hkh ,d rhljk i=k viS z y 1598 ds vkf[kjh lIrkg ea s Hkkjr ds okbljkW ; dks fy[kkA ;g i=k rc fy[kk x;k tc eq gEen 'kkg us vius firk dh txg ys us dk nkok Nks M+ fn;kA i=k ea s fy[kk x;k % ^gkWeqZt+] ---vizSy 1598 izs"kd & fizal rqjku 'kkg
24 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs lacksfèkr & MkWe ÝkaflLdks Mk xkek] Hkkjr ds okbljkW; ekbZ ykWMZ] ^vkius esjs firk dks tks i=k Hkstk gS mlls eq>s ekywe gqvk fd vki LoLFk gSaA vYykg vkidks ges'kk lyker j[ks vkSj vkidh ljdkj dks Qyrk&Qwyrk j[ksA eq>s ;g lc tkudj [kq'kh gSA ^eq>s vkids i=k ls ekywe gqvk fd vkius esjs firk dks vkjke djus dh lykg nh gS D;ksafd os vc lYrur pykus dh gkyr esa ugha gSaA ysfdu vkidh ns[kjs[k vkSj fuxjkuh esa gkykr csgrj gksaxsA ^pw¡fd bl cgkus vkils ckr gks jgh gS] rks eSa fuosnu d:¡xk fd vki eq>s vius ckjs esa crkus dk ekSdk nsa % ^eS a lq Yrku Qs #x 'kkg vkS j egkjkuh yrhQk dh oS èk la rku gw ¡ A eS a lcls Nks Vk cs Vk gw ¡ A es js firk us othj jbZ l uw #n~ nhu dh cgu yrhQk ls 'kknh ls igys oknk fd;k Fkk fd vxj muds yrhQk ls cs Vk iS nk gq vk rks jkt fla gklu os mls lkS a is a xs A bl ckr ds ljdkjh nLrkos t Hkh ekS tw n gS a A ^eSa vkSj eqgEen 'kkg fcu vcq ukflj nksuksa gh oSèk csVs gSa vkSj gekjs dkuwu ds eqrkfcd gqbZ 'kknh ds ckn ge nksuksa iSnk gq, gSaA ^bruk gh ugha] esjs firk us vius gqDeukes ¼jkT;kns'k½ esa eq>s lYrur dh ckxMksj nsus dk lEeku fn;k gSA ^eq>s vkidh enn vkSj leFkZu pkfg, rkfd esjs vksgns dks eatwjh fey lds] D;ksafd ;gh lR; vkSj U;k;laxr gSA eq>s mEehn gS fd vki esjs fy, ,slk djsaxsA ^eSa ekWulwu ds nkSjku fdlh dks vkids ikl Hkstw¡xk] tks vkils O;fDrxr :i ls feydj esjk fuosnu vkids lkeus j[ksxkA tks O;fDr vkils feysxk og vius lkFk t:jh nLrkost ysdj vk,xk rkfd vki mUgsa ns[k ldsaA esjs firk dkQh cqtqxZ gks x, gSa vkSj gj dke ds fy, mu ij Hkjkslk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ^lkjh ckrsa vYykg ds gkFk esa gSaA gks ldrk gS vkxs pydj eq>s vius Hkkb;ksa dh rjQ ls ijs'kkuh dk lkeuk djuk iM+sA blhfy, eSaus vkidks i=k fy[kus dk lkgl fd;k gS] rkfd vki eatwjh ns ldsaA eSa ges'kk vkidh lsok d:¡xkA* vkidk fizal rqjku 'kkg ¼----½ vizSy] 1598 ¹¹¹
fizal fQjkst+ 'kkg 25 Mh ,aVksfu;ks fM yhek dks gkWeqZt+ }hi dk dekaMj fu;qDr fd;k x;kA tc og gkWeqZt+ igq¡pk rks mlus ik;k fd ogk¡ ds gkykr dkQh vfLFkj Fks vkSj bldh otg Fkh jktflagklu dks ysdj fQjkst+ 'kkg vkSj rqjku 'kkg ds chp tkjh fooknA pw¡fd nksuksa gh Qs#x 'kkg ds csVs Fks] blfy, bl fookn dk dkQh cqjk vlj gkWeqZt+ ds gkykr ij iM+kA ysfdu] Mh ,aVksfu;ks fM yhek gkWeqZt+ esa T;knk fnu ugha xqtkj ldk vkSj crk;k tkrk gS fd yach chekjh ds ckn 28 fnlacj] 1598 dks mldh e`R;q gks xbZA mldh txg Mh yqbZl fM xkek dks gkWeqZt+ lSU; nqxZ dk lSU; dekaMj cukdj Hkstk x;kA fM xkek Hkkjr ds okbljkW; Mh ÝkaflLdks fM xkek dk HkkbZ FkkA 1599 ds 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa Hkkjr ds okbljkW; us gkWeqZt+ ds lSU; dekaMj dks ,d lans'k HkstkA ml le; rd lSU; nqxZ dk dekaMj ugha igq¡pk FkkA lans'k esa dgk x;k fd vxj gkWeqZt+ lqYrku ds okfjl dk fookn lkeus vk, rks lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg ds cM+s csVs dks ftEesnkjh nh tk,A lans'k esa lkQ rkSj ij ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd ,slh O;oLFkk rc rd tkjh j[kh tk,] tc rd fd okbljkW; bl fo"k; esa vkf[kjh QSlyk u ys ysaA Hkkjr ds okbljkW; us ,d lans'k gkWeqZt+ ds othj vQksalks Msykfef'k;k dks Hkh fHktok;kA lans'k esa Msykfef'k;k dks funsZ'k fn;k x;k fd og viuh cgu chch Qkfrek dh 'kknh vxys lqYrku fQjkst+ 'kkg ls dj nsaA ;g funsZ'k Hkh fn;k x;k fd vxj bl izLrko dk mldh cgu ;k ek¡ fojksèk djsa rks og gkykr dks [kqn gh l¡HkkysaA ¹¹¹ vQksalks Msykfef'k;k dks tSls gh ;g nksuksa i=k feys] og dLVe gkml ls fudydj egy dh rjQ nkSM+ iM+kA egy igq¡pdj og lhèkk viuh ek¡ ds ikl igq¡pk] tks ml le; etfyl esa vius esgekuksa ds lkFk O;Lr FkhaA mlus mUgsa njokts ij cqyk;k vkSj nch vkokt esa og i=k i<+dj lquk;k ftlesa fQjkst+ 'kkg dks lqYrku cuk, tkus dh ckr FkhA
26 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs i=k esa fy[kk lans'k lqudj lS;nrqfUulk fpYyk iM+h] ßD;k eqlhcr gS! D;k eqlhcr gS!Þ etfyl esa ekStwn efgykvksa us tc lS;nrqfUulk dh ph[k lquh rks os njokts dh rjQ yidhaA tc lkjh efgyk,¡ fNidj mudh ckrsa lquus yxha] rks Msykfef'k;k us nwljk i=k Hkh i<+dj viuh ek¡ dks lquk;kA ;g lqudj lS;nrqfUulk dks tcjnLr lnek yxk] vkSj og fpYykus yxh % ß,d xqyke esjh csVh ls 'kknh djsxk\ egy dk ,d Hkz"Vkpkjh xqyke [kql: dh ukfru chch Qkfrek dk 'kkSgj cusxk\ [kql: esjs izrkih nknk Fks! ,slk dSls gks ldrk gS\ chch Qkfrek ds firk uw#n~nhu gSa] tks beke vyh vkSj vYykg ds iSxacj dh csVh Qkfrek ds csVs vy&glu ds iksrs gSa! eSaus viuh csVh dk uke muds gh uke ij j[kk gS! iSxacj eqgEen dh ukfru dSls ,d xqyke ls 'kknh dj ldrh gS\ ,slk ugha gks ldrk! dHkh ugha!Þ blds ckn nksuksa rsth ls lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg ds ikl mu i=kksa ds ckjs esa crkus ds fy, pys x,A bl chp etfyl esa vkbZ lkjh efgykvksa us iwjh ckr lquh vkSj rsth ls egy ls ckgj pyh xb±A vkSj ns[krs&ns[krs udkciks'k efgykvksa ds ,d ?kj ls nwljs ?kj esa tkus dk flyflyk 'kq: gks x;kA njoktksa ds [kqyus&can gksus dh vkoktsa vkus yxhaA ;g [kcj taxy dh vkx dh rjg pkjksa rjQ QSy xbZA iwjs 'kgj dks ekywe gks pqdk Fkk fd D;k gqvk gSA mèkj egy es a fojklr dh tax bl gn rd c<+ pqdh Fkh fd Hkkb;ks a es a gkFkkikbZ rd dh ukScr vk xbZA blds ckn fiz al rqjku 'kkg xksok jokuk gks x;k] rkfd Hkkjr ds okbljkW; ds lkeus viuk fojksèk ntZ djk lds] tcfd eqgEen 'kkg esxLrku ds phQ tt] vius pkpk jbZl cn#n~nhu ds ikl tk igq ¡pkA ¹¹¹
fizal fQjkst+ 'kkg 27 [kcj xksok Hkh igq¡p pqdh Fkh vkSj okbljkW; dks irk py pqdk Fkk fd gkWeqZt+ esa gkykr ukVdh; <ax ls vkSj cnrj gks x, gSaA rc rd gkWeqZt+ ds jktk ds vkfèkiR; okys lHkh lSU; nqxks± ij vjc izk;}hi esa vjcksa ls vkSj iM+ksl ds bykdksa esa Qkjfl;ksa ls [krjk iSnk gks x;k FkkA ,sls gkykr Hkkjr ds fy, xaHkhj [krjs dk ladsr ns jgs Fks] tks fd ml le; iqrZxky ds jktk ds vfèkdkj esa FkkA gkWeqZt+ ds lSU; dekaMj us ;g [kcj okbljkW; rd igq¡pkbZ vkSj okbljkW; us bl iwjs ekeys dks eq[; dekaMjksa dh ifj"kn ds lkeus is'k fd;kA ifj"kn us gkykr dk tk;tk fy;k vkSj fopkj&foe'kZ ds ckn r; fd;k fd % gkWeqZt+ dk lSU; dekaMj lqYrku dks lSU; nqxZ dh jln vkSj lHkh t:jh lkeku dh vkiwfrZ ds fy, ckè; djs( lqYrku ij dM+h utj j[kh tk,( mldh laifÙk;k¡ vkSj lc dqN tCr dj fy;k tk, rkfd lSU; nqxZ dks vkiwfrZ tkjh jg ldsA blds lkFk gh] lkjs t:jh dke vkSj dkjksckj igys dh rjg tkjh jgsaA ysfdu] muls jktikV u Nhuk tk,] D;ksafd ,slk djus dh dksbZ ekdwy otg ;k rdZ ugha gSA okbljkW; gkW eq Zt+ ds lqYrku dks fy[kdj mUgs a bl ckr ds fy, jkth djs a fd og vius ckn vius cM+ s csVs dks flagklu dk mÙkjkfèkdkjh ?kksf"kr djs aA lqYrku [kqn vius csVs dh 'kknh othj dh csVh ls djkus dh dksf'k'k djsa] D;ksafd blls gkykr dkcw djus esa enn feysxh] vkSj gkykr csgrj gksaxsA ;g 'kknh gks ikrh gS ;k ugha] ysfdu lqYrku vius csVs dks gkWeqZt+ ij viuh vksj ls 'kklu djus nsa] D;ksafd muds csVs ds ikl bldh t:jh dkfcfy;r gSA lSU; dekaMj }hi dk 'kklu mlds ¼lqYrku ds csVs ds½ gokys djs vkSj lqYrku ,syku djsa fd og bLrhQk ns jgs gSaA izfr–vey djus ds fy, gkWeqZt+ ds lSU; dekaM dks izfr–gkWeqZt+ ds lqYrku dks izfr–othj Msykfef'k;k dks
28 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs bl rjg Qs#x 'kkg us ,syku fd;k fd og xn~nh NksM+ jgs gSa vkSj fQjkst+ 'kkg mudh txg 'kklu djsaxs] tks muds ftank jgus rd muds mikfèkdkjh ;k fMIVh ds rkSj ij 'kklu djsaxsA fQjkst+ 'kkg us flok, dLVe gkml vkSj jktLo ds lkjs vfèkdkj Nhu fy,A
vè;k; % pkj chch Qkfrek
chch Qkfrek lu~ 1601 ds 'kq#vkrh fnuksa rd gkWeqZt+ dh lÙkk fQjkst+ 'kkg ds gkFkksa esa jghA mlds gkFk esa vxj dqN ugha Fkk] rks og Fkh chch Qkfrek ds lkFk mldh 'kknh] tksfd mlds vkSj lS;nrqfUulk ds chp jLlkd'kh dk dkj.k cuh jghA ,d fnu fQjkst+ 'kkg lSU; dekaMjksa ds lkFk cSBd djds iqrZxkyh lSU; nqxZ ls fudy jgk Fkk] mldh utj lSU; nqxZ ds }kj ds lkeus esxLrku ds phQ tt jbZl cn#n~nhu ds [kqys njokts ij iM+hA og ogk¡ tk igq¡pkA jbZl cn#n~nhu us mldk Lokxr fd;k vkSj viuh etfyl esa ys x,A fQjkst+ 'kkg us dgk] ßiqrZxkyh tcjnLr ruko esa gSaA muds vfèkdkj de vkSj detksj dj fn;s x, gSa vkSj vjch dchys [kkM+h vkSj vkseku ds rVksa ij gekjs bykdksa esa geys dj jgs gSaAÞ mlus iwNk] ßQkjl dh rjQ ls gekjs LVs'kuksa dks Qkjlh QkStksa ls [krjk gSA vki esxLrku esa gSaA ogk¡ dk D;k gky gS\Þ ßtukc] vki tkurs gSa fd gkWeqZt+ ds Qkjlh rV ls lVk gqvk igkM+h bykdk gS( ;g djeku ds ml fgLls rd QSys gq, gSa] tgk¡ esxLrku rstjsx nqxZ gSA bl bykds ls ,d ek=k jkLrk djeku vkSj mÙkjh {ks=kksa rd tkrk gSA T;knkrj vkenuh bl jkLrs ls xqtjus okys dkfQyksa dks eqgS;k djkbZ tkus okyh lsokvksa vkSj muls olwys x, 'kqYd ls
32 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs gksrh gSA vxj ;g bykdk xyr gkFkksa esa pyk x;k] rks gkWeqZt+ dks gksus okyh ;g vkenuh can gks tk,xhA njvly] eSa rks ;gk¡ blfy, vk;k Fkk fd vki ogk¡ ds nqxZ dks vkSj etcwr djsa rFkk vkSj vfèkd lSfudksa vkSj gfFk;kjksa dh rSukrh djsa]Þ cn#n~nhu us tokc fn;kA fQjkst+ 'kkg us iwNk] ßD;k gesa ykj ls [krjk gS\Þ cn#n~nhu dk tokc Fkk] ßykj dks rks [kqn gh Qkjlh QkStks a ls [krjk gSAÞ ßog esxLrku ij geys dk nqLlkgl ugha djsxk] [kklrkSj ls rc] tcfd geus mls u Hkwyus okyk dM+k lcd fl[kk;k gSAÞ ßvki esxLrku esa Fks] tc geus mls nksckjk gkfly fd;k FkkA vc vki crkb, fd ;s lc dSls gqvk rkfd ge vko';d ,gfr;krh dne mBk ldsaAÞ fQjkst+ 'kkg us iwNkA blds ckn jbZl cn#n~nhu us foLrkj ls fQjkst+ 'kkg dks crk;k fd vkf[kj ;s lc gqvk dSlsA mlus dgk % ßeSa vius HkkbZ othj uw#n~nhu] vkids firk vkSj iqrZxkyh lSfudksa ds lkFk ogk¡ Fkk] tc 1582 esa ykj ds jktk ds cM+s csVs us bl bykds ij dCtk fd;kA rHkh [kcj vkbZ fd mlds firk dk nsgkar gks x;k gS vkSj mlds NksVs HkkbZ us ykj dh lÙkk ij dCtk dj fy;k gSA og QkSju vius NksVs HkkbZ ls ykj dh lÙkk okil gkfly djus ds fy, vius lSfudksa ds lkFk ykSV x;kA ysfdu tkrs&tkrs og rstjsx nqxZ vkSj 'ksesy esa ,d vkSj nqxZ esa viuh ,d&,d lSU; VqdM+h NksM+ x;kA ^^gkWeqZt+ ds lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg ds lkFk vkbZ iqrZxkyh QkSt us rstjsx nqxZ dks okil gkfly dj fy;k] ysfdu 'ksesy esa os dke;kc ugha gks ldsA blds ckn mUgksaus dkQh vlsZ rd bl nqxZ dh yacs le; rd ?ksjscanh fd, j[kh] ysfdu dksbZ urhtk ugha fudykA gesa ckn esa irk pyk fd ykj ds dqN tklwl 'ksesy esa vke yksxksa ds lkFk ?kqyfey x, Fks] tks 'ksesy nqxZ esa f?kjh gqbZ ykj dh lSU; VqdM+h dks Hkkstu vkfn igq¡pk jgs FksA ;s yksx nqxZ ds Åijh fgLls ls jfLl;ksa esa c¡èkh ckfYV;k¡ yVdk nsrs vkSj ;s tklwl muesa Hkkstu vkfn mUgsa Hkst nsrsA bl nqxZ ds vklikl [ktwj ds ?kus isM+ Fks] blfy, bu xfrfofèk;ksa dk le; jgrs irk ugha py ldkA ^^vkf[kjdkj] bl lSU; VqdM+h ds ,d lsukifr us eè;LFkrk dh vkSj
chch Qkfrek 33 gkWeqZt+ ds lqYrku ds lkeus izLrko j[kk fd os fcuk gfFk;kjksa ds nqxZ NksM+us dks rS;kj gSa c'krsZ lqYrku mUgsa ykj dh lYrur esa tkus okys pkSjkgs rd lqjf{kr tkus nsus dks rS;kj gks tk,¡A bl izLrko ij lgefr gks xbZ] ysfdu tc ykj dh lSU; VqdM+h nqxZ ls mrjdj ?kkVh esa ckgj vkbZ] 'ksesy ds 'kq#vkrh jkLrs esa gh 'ksesy ds yksxksa us muij geyk dj fn;k vkSj lHkh dh gR;k dj nhAÞ bl geys ls eè;LFkrk djus okys lsukifr dks xqLlk vk x;kA og mNydj ?kksM+s ij cSBk vkSj iwjh j¶rkj ls ^xksapkyks 2] ^tsjksfueks3 fpYykrs gq, iqrZxkyh lsuk ds dekaMj ds VsaV esa ?kql x;kA xksapkyks vkSj tsjksfueks bl vkWijs'ku ds bapktZ iqrZxkyh vQljksa ds uke FksA og VsaV ds ,d rjQ ls vanj ?kqlk vkSj xksyh dh j¶rkj ls VsaV dh nwljh rjQ ogk¡ ckgj vk;k tgk¡ iqrZxkyh lSfudksa ds VsaV FksA ysfdu tSls gh lSfudksa us mls ns[kk] ml ij ryokjksa ls geyk dj fn;k vkSj mlds 'kjhj ds VqdM+s&VqdM+s dj fn,A 'ksesy ds yksxksa us tks dqN fd;k Fkk] mls lqudj lqYrku dks cgqr xqLlk vk;kA ysfdu 'ksesy ds yksxksa dk rdZ Fkk fd ykj ds bu lSfudksa us 'ksesy ij geyk dj ^muds lEeku dks Bsl* igq¡pkbZ FkhA blds ckn jbZl cn#n~nhu us fo"k; cny fn;k vkSj dgk % ßeSa ;gk¡ vkids firk] lqYrku dks ;g crkus vk;k Fkk fd muds csVs eqgEen 'kkg us esjh csVh dk gkFk 'kknh ds fy, ek¡xk gSA eSaus mlls dgk fd igys eSa rqEgkjs firk ls ckr d:¡xkA D;k rqe eq>s vius firk ls feyus dh btktr nksxs\Þ bl ij fQjkst+ 'kkg us dgk] ßeSa Hkh vkils iwNus vk;k Fkk fd Hkkjr ds okbljkW; ds vkns'k ds eqrkfcd D;k vki viuh Hkrhth chch Qkfrek dh 'kknh esjs lkFk djus dks rS;kj gksaxs\Þ ßeSaus bl ckjs esa lquk gS]Þ jbZl cn#n~nhu us tokc fn;kA ßeq>s blesa dksbZ vkifÙk ugha gSA ysfdu blds fy, eq>s lqYrku vkSj chch Qkfrek nksuksa dh eatwjh pkfg,AÞ bl ij fQjkst+ 'kkg us dgk] ßrks fQj pyks] egy pyrs gSaAÞ 2Mh xksapkyks fM esats+l gkWeqZt+ ds fdys dk dekaMj FkkA 3Mh tsjksfueks fM eldjsugkl eq[; dekaMj FkkA
34 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs egy esa ml le; cw<+s lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg viuh iRuh lS;nrqfUulk vkSj csVh chch Qkfrek vkSj csVs othj vQksalks Msykfef'k;k ds lkFk FksA egy ds jlksbZ?kj ds utnhd dqN ukSdjksa ds dejs Hkh FksA fQjkst+ 'kkg vkSj jbZl cn#n~nhu egy igq¡ps vkSj mUgksaus lS;nrqfUulk ls iwNk fd D;k os lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg ls fey ldrs gSaA mlus mUgsa lqYrku ls feyus dh btktr ns nhA lqYrku ds vkus ij jbZl cn#n~nhu us mudk gky&pky iwNk vkSj fQj crk;k fd eksgEen 'kkg mudh csVh ls 'kknh djuk pkgrk gSA lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg us QkSju bldh eatwjh ns nhA blds ckn jbZl cn#n~nhu us lqYrku dks fQjkst+ 'kkg ds chch Qkfrek ds fy, 'kknh ds izLrko ds ckjs esa crk;kA bl ij lqYrku us dgk fd jbZl cn#n~nhu [kqn tkdj chch Qkfrek ls bl ckjs esa iwNsa fd D;k mls fQjkst+ 'kkg dk izLrko Lohdkj gSA jbZl cn#n~nhu QkSju chch Qkfrek ls feyus pyk x;kA mlus chch Qkfrek dks crk;k fd fQjkst+ 'kkg mlls 'kknh djuk pkgrk gSA mlus dksbZ tokc ugha fn;kA u gk¡ dgk] vkSj u gh ukA blds cnys og viuh ek¡ ls bl ckjs esa ckr djus ds fy, pyh xbZA jbZl cn#n~nhu okil vk x;k rks lqYrku us iwNk fd chch Qkfrek us D;k dgkA cn#n~nhu us crk;k fd] ßog [kkeks'k jghAÞ lqYrku us dgk] ß[kkeks'kh] jtkeanh gSA mudh 'kknh gksuh pkfg,AÞ blds ckn chch Qkfrek dh 'kknh gkWeqZt+ ds lqYrku ds csVs fQjkst+ 'kkg ls gks xbZA gkyk¡fd ;g pyu Fkk fd lqYrku dk csVk gh lqYrku curk gS] ysfdu fQjkst+ 'kkg rks ,d xqyke efgyk dk csVk FkkA lqYrku ds nwljs csVksa ds eqdkcys mlds vfèkdkj dqN fo'ks"k FksA jkspd ckr ;g Fkh fd tks dqN lqYrku dk Fkk ;k mlds vèkhu Fkk] og lqYrku ds csVksa dk Hkh Fkk vkSj muds vèkhu FkkA bl rjg fQjkst+ 'kkg dh ek¡ Hkh lqYrku ds csVksa ds vèkhu Fkh] D;ksafd muds firk us mls vktkn ugha fd;k FkkA
chch Qkfrek 35 nwljh rjQ] chch Qkfrek lqYrku Qs#x 'kkg ds lkys dh csVh vkSj ekStwnk othj dh cgu FkhA othj dk in csgn rkdroj ekuk tkrk Fkk D;ksafd mlds gkFk esa 'kklu ds lkjs vfèkdkj FksA buesa U;k;ikfydk] bUlkQ ykxw djus dk foHkkx vkSj lHkh fdLe ds foÙkh; izcaèku Hkh 'kkfey FksA 'kknh ds ckn fQjks t+ 'kkg us chch Qkfrek ds lkFk 'kkjhfjd la ca èk LFkkfir dj 'kknh dks iw .kZ djus dh dks f'k'k dh] ys fdu chch Qkfrek bls fdlh&u&fdlh cgkus ls Vky ns rh vkS j chekj gks us dh ckr djrhA va rr% r; gq vk fd ,d lIrkg ds Hkhrj mls vius ifr ds ?kj pys tkuk pkfg,A bl ij chch Qkfrek us rRdky dne mBk;kA mlus mls iqrZxkyh fl[kkus okys ;qod ds tfj, dbZ lkjs lans'k iknjh dks fHktok,A vius lans'kksa esa mlus iknjh ls fuosnu fd;k fd os mls crk,¡ fd og viuk y{; gkfly djus ds fy, D;k dne mBk,A mlus bu gkykr dh tkudkjh lSU; dekaMj dks Hkh HksthA mls vPNh rjg ekywe Fkk fd viuk edln gkfly djus ds fy, mls fdu [krjksa ls nks&pkj gksuk iM+sxkA mls ;g Hkh irk Fkk fd iknjh mldh enn ds fy, tks dqN Hkh dj ldrk gksxk] t:j djsxkA lSU; dekaMj dks lans'k Hkh mlus vius ;qok iqrZxkyh izf'k{kd ds }kjk gh HkstkA mlus fy[kk fd mldh vuns[kh dh tk jgh gS vkSj ,sls esa bldh ftEesnkjh mlds vius daèkksa ij gS D;ksafd mldh tku dks [krjk gksus ds lkFk gh mldh etgch Hkkoukvksa ij Hkh cu vkbZ gSA mlus i=k esa dgk fd gkykr csgn [kjkc gSa vkSj ,d eqfLye efgyk dh enn dh xqgkj lquh tkuh pkfg,A vxj bl lcds ckotwn dksbZ dne ugha mBk;k x;k rks blds ihNs dksbZ etcwr otg gksuh pkfg,A bl i=k dks ikdj lSU; dekaMj us tokc fHktok;k fd vxj gkykr brus gh [kjkc gSa rks i=k esa tks nkos fd;s x, gSa mudks lgh ekuus ds fy, mls chch Qkfrek dh rjQ ls dksbZ lcwr pkfg,A mlus dgk fd og ,d r; oDr ij 'kgj ds ckgjh fgLls esa ,d [kqyh txg esa vk tk,xk] ysfdu
36 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs blls igys mls bl lcdk lcwr pkfg,] blds ckn gh og fdlh urhts ij igq¡p ldrk gSA lcwr ds rkSj ij mlus chch Qkfrek dh iks'kkd dh ek¡x j[khA bl ij chch Qkfrek us mls cktw okyh viuh js'keh iks'kkd fHktokbZ] tks ml {ks=k esa ,d deht dh rjg iguh tkrh FkhA blds ckn lkQ gks x;k fd chch Qkfrek ds nkos lgh gSa vkSj mldh enn esa dksbZ nsj djuk equkflc ugha gksxkA chch Qkfrek mu fnuks a egy ds ,d vikVZes aVuqek fgLls es a viuh ek¡ vkSj HkkbZ ds lkFk jgrh FkhA muds vykok bl fgLls es a vkSj Hkh yksx FksA chch Qkfrek ftl bykds es a jgrh Fkh] mlls le>k tk ldrk Fkk fd vxj mldh ;kstuk dh fdlh dks [kcj gks xbZ rks D;k eqlhcr vk ldrh FkhA lcls igys mlus chekj gksus dk cgkuk cuk;k vkSj blds ckn vkjke djus yxh rkfd og chekjh ls Bhd gks tk,] ysfdu mldh ek¡ dks bldh Hkud rd ugha Fkh fd mlds bjkns D;k gSaA lSU; dekaMj us VqdM+h ds tujy dekaMj vyokjks fM vosyj dks cqykdj gqDe fn;k fd og dqN vijkfèk;ksa dks ,slh txg dSnh ds :i esa j[ks tgk¡ og [kqn vius 50 lSfudksa ds lkFk ekStwn jgs] vkSj mls gj oDr fdlh Hkh eqlhcr dk lkeuk djus ds fy, rS;kj jguk pkfg,A ;gh dgkuh crkrs gq, mlus ^gkftc* dks Hkh ,slh gh ,d txg Hkst fn;kA blds ckn mlus tcjnLr 'kfDr okys vkSj dbZ ns'kksa esa e'kgwj nqHkkf"k, flekvks Qjsjk dks cqyk;kA mls mlus ,d rhljh txg bartkj djus dks dgkA mlds fy, Hkh ,d [kqfQ;k VqdM+h dk bartke fd;k x;k vkSj mls funsZ'k fn;k x;k fd og othj ds ?kj ds njokts ij utj j[ksA blh njokts ls chch Qkfrek vk ldrh FkhA mls funsZ'k Fkk fd vxj og vk, rks njoktk [kksy fn;k tk,A blds ckn mUgksaus lkjh rS;kfj;ksa dk tk;tk ysus ds ckn r; fd;k fd flekvks Qjsjk othj vkSj chch Qkfrek ds HkkbZ othj vQksalks Msykfef'k;k
chch Qkfrek 37 ds ikl lSU; dekaMj dh rjQ ls tk,xk vkSj mls crk,xk fd vHkh&vHkh Qkjl ds dqN O;kikjh vkSj gt djds okil vk, dqN yksx igq¡ps gSa ftuls ckrphr djus ds funsZ'k gq, gSaA bl rjdhc ds ihNs lksp ;g Fkh fd bl rjg iksVZ ds njokts [kqys jg ldrs FksA lSU; dekaMj us flekvks Qjsjk dks psrk;k fd vxj og fdlh fdLe dh gypy dh vkokt lqus ;k dksbZ xM+cM+h eglwl djs rks mldh rjQ ls othj dks cksyk tk, fd dksbZ xM+cM+ ugha gksuh pkfg,] ojuk mlds f[kykQ cxkor gks ldrh gSA blds ckn lSfudksa dks gfFk;kjksa ds lkFk lSU; nqxZ esa rSukr dj fn;k x;kA blds ckn usoh dekaMj dks vkns'k Hkstk x;k fd vxj dksbZ xM+cM+h gksrh gS rks D;k djuk gSA blds ckn jkr gksus ij lSU; dekaMj gYds&QqYds gfFk;kjksa ls ySl gksdj izhLV ;kuh èkeZxq# vkSj ml ;qok lans'kokgd dks ,d O;kikjh cukdj muds lkFk jokuk gks x;kA bl ;qod ds crk, jkLrs ds eqrkfcd os yksx othj ds ?kj ds njokts esa nkf[ky gks x,A ml oDr othj iksVZ dh gypyksa dks ysdj csgn O;Lr FkkA os lhèks Åijh eafty ij igq¡ps vkSj dejs ds lkeus igq¡pdj #d x,A lSU; dekaMj vkSj izhLV v¡èksjs esa fNi x, tcfd ;qod us chch Qkfrek dks b'kkjk fd;kA b'kkjk feyrs gh chch Qkfrek vdsys gh ckgj ml txg vk xbZ tgk¡ os fNis gq, FksA lSU; dekaMj dks ns[kdj og pkSad xbZ vkSj rlYyh djus ds fy, mlus mldk gkFk idM+dj ns[kk fd mlds ,d gkFk dh ,d m¡xyh de gS ;k ughaA ,slk mlus lSU; dekaMj dh vlyh igpku tkuus ds fy, fd;kA rlYyh gksus ds ckn mldks Hkjkslk gks x;k fd vc mldh ;kstuk iwjh gks tk,xhA mlus dgk] ß[kqnk esjh enn djs] ftlls og [kq'k gks!Þ izhLV ;kuh èkeZxq# ds lkeus Hkh mlus ;gh ckr nksgjkbZ] blds ckn os lc uhps pys x,A njokts ij igq ¡pus ij lSU; dekaMj ds lkFk ^gkftc* us Hkh ;kstuk ds eqrkfcd dke fd;k vkSj chch Qkfrek dks [ktkus ds lqijokbtj fleksvk fM dksLVk ds ?kj ys x,A fM dksLVk dh
38 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs 'kgj es a cgqr bTtr Fkh vkSj og cgqr rkdroj Hkh FkkA mldk ?kj lSU; nqxZ ds utnhd FkkA iksVZ ij LFkkuh; yksxks a dk 'kksj&'kjkck Fkk] D;ks afd os gt djds ykSVus okyks a dk bartkj dj jgs FksA iksVZ dh rjQ vkrs lSfudks a dk 'kksj Hkh ogk¡ ij FkkA mudh ftEesnkjh Fkh fd os gt ls ykSVus okyks a dks tgkt ls mrjus u ns aA lSU; dekaMj us othj ls dgk fd og vius yksxksa dks 'kkar djs rkfd og bu gkykr ij vxys fnu mlds lkFk ckrphr dj ldsA othj blls larq"V gks x;k vkSj blds ckn 'kksj&'kjkck Fke x;kA lSU; dekaMj blds ckn nqxZ esa pyk x;k] ysfdu mlus bl ckr dh dM+h O;oLFkk dh tgk¡ chch Qkfrek dks j[kk x;k Fkk] ogk¡ lqj{kk pkd&pkScan jgsA egy ls Hkkxus ds ckn chch Qkfrek [kqn Hkh cgqr [kq'k FkhA vxyh lqcg] gkWeqZt+ ds djhc 5]000 yksxksa ds lkFk lqYrku nqxZ ds lgu ds lkeus cus jbZl cn#n~nhu ds njokts ij igq¡p x;kA ogk¡ ls lqYrku us lSU; dekaMj dks mldh cgw] chch Qkfrek ds vigj.k ds ckjs esa dM+k lans'k fHktokrs gq, mldh okilh dh ek¡x dhA lkFk gh dgyok;k fd tks dqN gqvk mlls lqYrku csgn xqLls esa gSaA bl ij lSU; dekaMj us ,d lans'kokgd ds tfj, ,d lans'k fHktok;k fd ftrus Hkh vjc lqYrku ds u rks fj'rsnkj gSa vkSj u gh mlds lsod] os vius ?kjksa esa gh jgsa] vkSj dksbZ vxj bl gqDe dks ugha ekusxk rks mls ekSr dh ltk nh tk,xhA lans'k esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd eqfLye efgyk] chch Qkfrek ls dqN [kkl yksx fey ldrs gSaA blds vykok chch Qkfrek dh ek¡] othj vQksalks Msykfef'k;k vkSj dqN eqfLye mysekvksa dks Hkh mlls feyus dh btktr gSA lans'k feyus ds ckn izhLV ;kuh èkeZxq# us nqxZ esa tek iqrZxkyh yksxksa dh HkhM+ dks iqrZxkyh Hkk"kk esa lacksfèkr fd;k % ß;g gekjs lPps vkSj 'kq) èkeZ dh egkurk gSA tks fdlh Hkh fdLe ds eksyHkko ;k NydiV ds ekeys lqy>krk gS] blds ctk; ge lHkh ekeys etcwrh vkSj fo'okl ds lkFk fnu ds mtkys es a [kqyh
chch Qkfrek 39 txg ij vke yksxks a ds lqurs gS aA bl usd vkSj èkkfeZd efgyk dks gekjk èkeZ viuh rjQ [khap jgk gS] vkSj tc gekjs nq'eu bl yM+kbZ ds [kRe gksus ij iwjh rjg Hkzkafr es a gks axs rks gekjk Hkxoku gels vkSj T;knk [kq'k gksxkAÞ blds ckn lSU; dekaMj us chch Qkfrek ls dgk fd og nqHkkf"k;s dh enn ls yksxksa dks crk, fd og viuh ethZ ls viuk èkeZ cnyus dks rS;kj gqbZ gS vkSj blds fy, ml ij fdlh fdLe dk dksbZ ncko ;k vR;kpkj ugha fd;k x;k gSA chch Qkfrek us blds ckn dgk] ßeSa fdlh ncko ;k izrkM+uk ls izHkkfor ugha gw¡A eSa viuh ethZ ls bLyke èkeZ NksM+dj bZlkbZ cuuk pkgrh gw¡AÞ bruk lq urs gh eq fLye mys ek Hkka S pd jg x, vkS j muea s ls dbZ rks mBdj [kMs + gks x, vkS j chch Qkfrek dks vi'kCn cks yrs gq , fpYykus yxs A nwljh rjQ ;s lc lquus ds ckn chch Qkfrek dh ek¡ ds lkFk gh mlds nksLr vkSj lsfodk,¡ Hkh mldh gkyr ij jksus yxhaA ysfdu chch Qkfrek 'kkar Fkh vkSj etcwrh ls ,d pV~Vku dh rjg [kM+h jghA lSU; dekaMj vius lkFk 'kgj ds dqN laHkzkar yksxksa vkSj dqN izeq[kksa dks nqxZ esa ysdj vk;k vkSj mUgsa chch Qkfrek ds HkkbZ othj Msykfef'k;k ls feyok;kA mu lcds lkeus mlus chch Qkfrek }kjk mls Hksts x, lans'k dks fn[kk;k vkSj lcwr ds rkSj ij mldh iks'kkd Hkh lcds lkeus j[khA blds ckn lSU; dekaMj us vkns'k fn;k fd chch Qkfrek dks bZlkbZ èkeZ dh nh{kk nh tk,A blds ckn nqxZ esa jgus okyh lSfudksa dh foèkokvksa us chch Qkfrek dks ltk;k&l¡okjk vkSj fQj blds ckn mu jkLrksa dks Hkh ltk;k x;k tgk¡ ls mUgsa ,d fotsrk dh rjg xqtjuk FkkA nqxZ vkSj VqdM+h dh rksiksa ls lykeh nh xbZA laxhr dh egfQy esa gj rjg ds ok| ;a=k ctk;s x, vkSj lSfud laxhr vkSj [ksyksa ds lkFk t'u euk;k x;kA chch Qkfrek ds èkek±rj.k dks bl rjg euk;k x;k ekuks bldk mlls oknk fd;k x;k gksA blds ckn lSU; dekaMj dqN iqrZxkyh
40 chch Qkfrek vkSj ckn'kkg ds csVs Vksfy;ksa ds lkFk mlds lts&l¡ojs xkmu esa gh mls ml tgkt rd ys x;k tks mls ysdj Hkkjr esa xksok ys tkus okyk FkkA gkWeqZt+ vkSj mlds vklikl ds bykdksa esa bl ckr dh tcjnLr ppkZ jgh fd dSls vYykg ds iSxacj dh ukfru bZlkbZ cu xbZA ;g [kcj blQkgku ds lqYrku 'kkg vCckl ds njckj rd Hkh igq¡phA bl lcls fQjkst+ 'kkg csgn xqLls esa Fkk vkSj >q¡>yk jgk FkkA [kqn dks lkaRouk nsus ds fy, mlus vQksalks Msykfef'k;k dks othj vkSj dLVe funs'kd ds in ls ;g dgrs gq, gVk fn;k fd tks dqN gqvk mlds fy, ogh ftEesnkj gSA mlus Msykfef'k;k dh txg jbZl uw#n~nhu ds HkkbZ vkSj vius lgk;d jbZl 'kjQqn~nhu dks othj cuk fn;kA tc lS U; deka Mj ls vQka s lks us bl ckcr ckr dh rks mlus vQka s lks dks bl ckjs ea s viuh ckr xks ok ea s okbljkW ; ds lkeus j[kus dh lykg nhA xksok esa Msykfef'k;k us okbljkW; ls f'kdk;r dh] rks okbljkW; us mls ;g eqn~nk iqrZxky tkdj ogk¡ ds jktk ds lkeus j[kus dks dgkA blds QkSju ckn Msykfef'k;k iqrZxky ds fy, jokuk gks x;kA iqrZxky dh jktèkkuh fyLcu esa iqrZxkyh jktk us Msykfef'k;k dk Lokxr fd;k vkSj mlds nkoksa dks lgh ekurs gq, ,d jkT;kns'k tkjh dj fn;kA ysfdu] fQj mlus Msykfef'k;k dks lEekuiwoZd Hkkjr ds ,d nqxZ dk bapktZ cukdj jokuk dj fn;kA Msykfef'k;k blds ckn fyLcu ls Hkkjr ds fy, jokuk gks x;kA ysfdu dsi vkWQ xqM gksi ¼vk'kk varjhi½ igq¡prs&igq¡prs Msykfef'k;k dh ekSr gks xbZA mls leqnz esa gh tylekfèk ns nh xbZ vkSj og eNfy;ksa dk fuokyk cu x;kA
vè;k; % ik¡p fizal rqjku 'kkg
fizal rqjku 'kkg 1601 dh olar _rq esa gj rjQ ;gh ppkZ Fkh fd vYykg ds iSxacj dh ukfru us bLyke èkeZ NksM+ fn;k vkSj bZlkbZ cu xbZA blds ckn fizal fQjkst+ 'kkg ds ikl chch Qkfrek dks rykd nsus ds vykok nwljk fodYi gh ugha cpk FkkA blds ckn fQjkst+ 'kkg us vius othj jbZl 'kjQqn~nhu dh csVh ls 'kknh dj yhA mèkj lS;nrqfUulk ds fy, Hkh gkWeqZt+ esa flok; fcLrj ij iM+s chekj ifr cw<+s lqYrku ds vykok dqN ugha cpk FkkA blls igys fd fQjkst+ 'kkg mlds f[kykQ gksrk vkSj mldh lkjh nkSyr vkSj vkHkw"k.kksa vkSj tsojkr dks ;g dgdj tCr dj ysrk fd ;s lc rks mlds csVs us othj jgrs gq, ljdkjh iSls ls tek fd, gSa] tSlk fd og dgrk Fkk] lS;nrqfUulk us viuh rjQ ls gh igy djus dk QSlyk fd;kA mls vuqeku Fkk fd cw<+s lqYrku dh ekSr gksrs gh fQjkst+ 'kkg ds gkFkksa esa lkjh rkdr vk tk,xh vkSj og mls bl ckr ds fy, ltk ns ldrk gS tks og mlds ckjs esa yksxksa dks crkrh jgrh FkhA ,d fnu mlus vius lkjs tsojkr vkSj iSlk bdV~Bk fd;k vkSj jkr ds v¡èksjs esa nqxZ igq¡p xbZA ogk¡ igq¡pdj mlus lSU; dekaMj ls dgk % ßeSa bZlkbZ cuuk pkgrh gw¡] vkSj esjh nj[okLr gS fd eq>s fQjkst+ 'kkg
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