_ 105 _ there are many hawks, falcons and hounds. This is why Shah Ishmael often wintered here. It has cool breezes. The best broadswords or scimitars in Persia are made here, and thus the swords or scimitars of Qum are greatly renowned. Item: Three days’ journey to the east of north-east of this city is another city, larger than Kashan but with fewer inhabitants, called Shahr Rey [Tehran], where the ancient Kings of Persia held their courts; it lies on the borders of the kingdom of Khorasan. From here come supplies for Kashan and Kasvin, which do not have a harvest to produce bread. Twenty days’ journey across a desert to the east of Shahr Rey one comes to the city of Herat, capital of the Kingdom of Khorasan which lies at forty degrees. From Herat also to the east or south-east is the Kingdom of Afghanistan, which borders on the Kingdom of Sind, called Ulsinde. Shah Tamás subjugated Sind to his dominion by force of arms. Sind borders on Gujarat or Cambay. Later Shah Tamás continued the war against another great city called Kandahar, capital of a kingdom of the same name to the north-east or east-north-east of Sind, but was unable to conquer it; but later the city yielded to him of its own free will. To the north of the city live the Tartars, and
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